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PHILADELPHIA 

THE NATION'S 
HISTORIC CITY 




AND THE 

WORLD'S GREATEST WORKSHOP i 



PHILADELPHIA 
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 

1917 



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PHILADELPHIA 




ITS LOCATION, COMMERCE 
INDUSTRIES, HISTORY AND 
POINTS OF INTEREST 



ISSUED BY THE 
PHILADELPHIA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 



1917 



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"Uhe 
Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce 

ITS AIMS AND PURPOSES 




HE Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, with a 
membership approximating six thousand, is 
the foremost municipal commercial organization 
in the United States. . As a member of the 
Pennsylvania State Chamber of Commerce and 
of the Chamber of Commerce of the United 
States of America, it occupies an important 
position in the iiidustrial and business life of the city. 
Its activities cover a wide range./ Its policies are formu- 
lated by a Board of Directors elected by the membership 
of the Chamber and its P^xecutive Committee, and elected 
officers are charged with the duty of carrying out these 
policies. 

It is a non-political and non-partisan organization, 
dedicated to advancing th*e feest interests of the City of 
Philadelphia and of t|je commercial and industrial life 
of "The AYorkVs GreaMi Wbrksfiop." 

The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce seeks in 
every instance to exemplify to its membership the spirit 
of service. Through seven bureaus and a large number 
of committees, the Chamber of Commerce works tire- 
lessly for the civic advancement and the fulfillment of 
projects tending to enhance the fame and reputation of 
Philadelphia. Each of the seven bureaus is presided 
over by a Secretary, whose duties are clearly defined and 
whose services are at the disposal of the membership at 
all times. 

These seven bureaus are : 

Trajisportation. 

Industrial. 

Conventions and Exhibitions. 

Foreign Trade. 

Charities. 

Membership. 

Publicity. 

The bureaus are under the direction of the General 
Secretary of the Chamber. Each bureau is also under 



the advisory control of a committee of members, having 
charge of the subject with which the bureau deals. 
Numerous other committees, also formed from the mem- 
bership, deal with subjects not directly under the super- 
vision of the bureaus. 

The Pliiladelphia Chamber of Commerce has out- 
lined as a program of activities for the year 1918, the 
live following subjects : 

1. The annexation of a number of industrial suburbs 
to the City of Philadelphia. 

2. The establishment of a retail group of members 
with Credit Bureau facilities. 

3. The extension of the volunteer supervision of the 
street cleaning operations in the city to include the 
entire membership of the Chamber of Commerce instead 
of the "jMinute Men," now working as members of the 
IMembers' Council. 

4. The settlement of industrial differences by arbi- 
tration. 

5. The investigation of the system of taxation to 
insure an equitable method both of taxation and of 
assessment. 

With a record of achievement gained in the sturdy 
production of the commerce and industry of Philadel- 
phia, tlie Chamber of Commerce looks forward to years 
of unparalleled activity for the benefit of the city. 




W Kli-ner Building 
Home ot the Chamber of Commerce 



WELCOME 




HILADELPHIA extends a heartfelt welcome 
to the strangers within her gates. The spirit 
of hospitality and friendship Lronght to her 
shores by William Penn, the founder, has been 
intensified through the generations, until today 
the city of Philadelphia, birthplace of Ameri- 
can independence, stands with hands extended to greet 
the visitor. 

At a time when the attention of civilization is fast- 
ened upon a war destined to make safe for democracy 
the world at large, Philadelphia, tireless in well doing 
for the benefit of mankind, nevertheless has both time 
and inclination to greet her friends and neighbors and 
to invite them to share with her the proceeds of her 
industry. 

Three centuries of productive co-operation, sagacity 
and thrift, have richly supplied the "World's Greatest 
Workshop" with facilities and advantages both for busi- 
ness and for pleasure. 

To the visitor, Philadelphia's greeting is "Welcome" 
and her parting words are "Farewell — ^Come Again." 




PHILADELPHIA 

Its Location and Industries 



jNIONG William Penn's instructions to his com- 
mission charged with selecting a site for the 
location of a settlement were the following in- 
junctions : "... let the Rivers and 
Creeks be sounded on my side of Delaware 
River, Especially Upland (renamed Chester) 
in order to settle a great Towne, and be sure 
to make your choice where it is most navigable, high, 
dry, and healthy, that is, where the most ships may best 
ride, of deepest draught of Water, if possible to Load, 
or unload at ye Bank or Key side ... It would do 
well if the River comeing into the Creek be navigable, 
at least for Boats up into ye country . . . Such a 
place being found out, for Navigation, healtliy Scitua- 
tion and good Soyle, for Provision, lay out ten Thousand 
acres contigous to it in the best manner you can as 
. . . the Libertyes of the said Towne." From these 
directions it is clear that the site of Philadelphia was 
not determined by chance or accident. Tlie locality 
chosen for the "great Towne" was 105 miles up the deep 
tidal estuary of the Delaware on the neck of land made 
by the Delaware and its first large western tributary, the 
Schuylkill. Here the Delaware curves westward, giving 
to the Philadelphia side a deep channel close to the shore, 
and back of the river the land rises in gentle steps -to 
rolling hills 400 feet in altitude in the north and west- 
ern parts of the city. The level but well-drained land 
near the river was an ideal spot for a city. The higher 
lands gave fine residential sections, and falling streams 
capable of furnishing water power for the first indus- 
tries. The wisdom of the early selection has been 
proved by the subsequent development of the city. 

From Philadelphia to tlie sea a 3o-foot chainiel has 
been made. Within the city limits, 87 miles of water 
frontage gives the citv unusuallv large docking facili- 




Ivy Walk, University of Pennsylvania 



ties, SO large, 
indeed, that 
only a portion 
of the water 
front has thus 
far been util- 
i z e d. This 
great water 
frontage o f- 
fcrs wonderful 
shipping fa- 
cilities, and 
gives splendid 
sites for indus- 
trial plants. 
For many 
miles below the city the western bank of the Delaware 
has the same advantages as within the city limits itself 
and gives almost unlimited opportunity for the commer- 
cial and industrial expansion of the Philadelphia dis- 
trict. Many large industrial concerns have already taken 
advantage of this, so that industrial Philadelphia 
extends for many miles to the southwest through Eddy- 
stone, ('hester, and Marcus Hook to Wilmington. 
Across the Delaware from Philadelphia the important 
industrial city of Camden has grown, an overflow center 
where cheaper lands have attracted many manufactur- 
ing concerns. Likewise to the north, industries are 
spreading along the navigable Delaware ; and Bristol, 
like Chester, is but a part of industrial Philadelphia. 

The territory surrounding Philadelphia is one of 
rich and varied resources. The city lies on the border- 
line between the Coastal Plain and the Piedmont 
Uplands. The Coastal Plain with its truck gardens and 
fruit farms, its cotton, corn and tobacco, its forests of 
pine, its clays and sands and phosphates, finds easy 
access to Philadelphia. Nortliward the Delaware is 
navigable to the Falls at Trenton, and the Delaware 
and Raritan Canal gives waterway connection across 
central New Jersey to New York Harbor. Southward, 
coastMdse steamships connect the port with the outer 
edge of the Coastal Plain and the Delaware and Chesa- 
peake Canal gives the city a short cut to Chesapeake 



Bay and the inland waterway connections to the South. 
Railroads radiate from Camden across the New Jersey 
portion of the Coastal Plain, and give the city not only 
access to the resources of the plain but also to the resort 
cities that fringe the coast from Long Branch to Cape 
May. Atlantic City, 55 miles away, is reached in one 
hour by express trains. The southern New Jersey coast 
is a playground for Philadelphians., By means of con- 
nections with the Philadelphia, Baltimore and AVash- 
ington Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad and with 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the railroads of the 
South readily send rich resources of that section into 
Philadelphia. 

West of the city are the rolling Piedmont Uplands 
with their fertile limestone valleys ; their forests of hard 
woods, their pockets of iron ore ; their slate, cement rock, 
building stone and other minerals. And beyond the 
vallej'S are the forest-covered ridges of the Appa- 
lachians and, most important of all, the largest fields of 
anthracite coal in the world. Heading northwestward 
from Philadelphia, the Schuylkill River gives a natural 
passageway into these rich sections. First by boat, then 
by the Schuylkill Canal and then by the Philadelphia 
and Reading Railroad, anthracite coal and iron ore and 




Commercial Museum 

9 



grains were brought to tide-water at Philadelphia. 
West of the city, a wide gap in the mountains makes a 
wide-open doorway into the Great Valley at Lebanon 
and Harrisburg. The Pennsylvania Railroad tracks 
now follow the old pikes that early led into this rich 
region. To the north, the Lehigh Valley opens a similar 
gateway from the anthracite coal fields to the Delaware 
River, a route followed today by the Lehigh Canal and 
by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the Central Railroad 
of New Jersey, all connecting with the port of Phila- 
delphia. 

It is not surprising that with so rich a tributary 
country, so easily accessible, Philadelphia should have 
grown rapidly and assumed leadership in the nation's 
history, and in our own day in manufacturing industry. 
As an industrial center, Philadelphia holds a unique 
place among American cities. It is primarily a manu- 
facturing city. Judged by the value of its manufac- 
tured products. New York and Chicago surpass Phila- 
delphia, but both these cities are much larger than 
Philadelphia, much of their output is represented by 
the supplies necessary for large populations or by 
special products of high value. Philadelphia's indus- 
tries consist primarily of the great staple goods that go 
to supply a nation, supplies that are made in great fac- 
tories by an army of skilled and well-paid workmen, 
and that find their way into the homes of people every- 
where in our own country and throughout the world.' 
vin proportion to its size more people are engaged in 
manufacturing in Philadelphia than in any other of the 
five largest cities of the United States. Fifteen out of 
every 100 of the population are wage-earners in factor- 
ies. In Chicago there are 13; in New York, 11; in St. 
Louis, 11; in Boston, 10. Of the ten largest cities in 
the United States only Cleveland and Detroit have a 
greater percentage of their people engaged in industry. 
Granted a type of settlers who were skilled in industries 
and in the management of enterprises, as were the early 
English and Welsh Quakers, the Scotch-Irish, Dutch, 
German and Swiss settlers of Philadelphia, a manufac- 
turing industry once started was bound to succeed under 
the favoring geographical conditions the city possesses. 
Raw materials, foods, and fuel M^ere near at hand or 
could be imported cheaply from abroad. The wide 

10 



small. The distance of Philadelphia from the sea makes 
the city comparatively safe from hostile sea forces, and 
this, combined with the other advantages, has been a 
factor in making the League Island Navy Yard the 
most important navy ^^ard in the country. During the 
past year IMiiladelphia has been selected as the site for 
the i)lant of the Aircraft Company, a Government 
hydroplane factory, now being built, and the shipyard 
of the International Shipbuilding Corporation, which is 
planning to turn out 120 ships in the next 20 months. 

The Delaware River front has been developed to such 
an extent from a commercial and industrial point of 
view that it has been deemed advisable to absorb into the 
confines of the city of Philadelphia those portions of the 
State of Pennsylvania l.ying south of Philadelphia city 
line and extending to the Delaware State line. For the 
same reasons those portions of Bucks County immediately 
contiguous to the city of Philadelphia and extending 
northward along the shores of the Delaware River, to 
and including the Borough of Bristol, have been included 
in the plan for annexation. 

The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce has placed 
this project at the top of this list of proposed activities 
for 1918 and plans are being perfected for its accom- 
plishment. 

The annexation of this territory will restore Phila- 
delphia to its rightful position as the second city of 
America and will accentuate its title as "The World's 
Greatest Workshop." 

Philadelphia leads the world as a leather manufac- 
turing city, chemical tanning having first been devel- 
oped here. Sugar refining and petroleum refining are 
two industries that Philadelphia's position has made 
possible. Heavy chemicals, paints and varnishes, furni- 
ture, confectionery, paper and paper goods, soap and 
fertilizers are some of the other varied industries in 
which the city ranks high. To enumerate all would 
be to give practically the whole list of important manu- 
factures in the United States. 

The following table will give a partial idea of the 
importance of some of the city's industries : 

13 



LEADING INDUSTRIES OF 
PHILADELPHIA 



These figures are taken from the census of 1910. 
Tliere lias been a great increase since that date, but the 
exact figures are not available. 

Number Percentage 

of Wage- Yahie of of 

hidusfrij Earners Product all U. S. 
Total of all industries.. 251,884 .t74(i.()7(i.()()0 3.5% 

I. Textiles: 

Woolen and worsted 

goods 19,177 $54,914,000 12.6 

Hosiery and knit 

goo'ds 16,000 23.971,000 12.0 

Carpets and rugs ... . 10,363 22,629,000 31.8 

Cotton goods 9,734 22,538,000 6.8 

Felt hats 5,825 10,402,000 21.7 

Silk 3,056 6,502,000 3.3 

Dyeing and finishing. 3,575 6,327,000 7.6 
Cordage and jute and 

linen 1,163 3,325,000 5.4 

Shoddy 393 1,845,000 24.7 

AVomen's clothing . . . 13,500 30,133,000 7.8 

IMen's clothing 12,212 29,001,000 5.1 

Millinery and lace... 2,770 5,052,000 6.0 

Oil cloth and linoleum ( ?) 5,000.000* 22.0 

Men's furnishings .. . (?) 2,900,000* 3.3 

Upholstering (?) 2,400,000* 20.0 

//. Tron and Steel and 

Their Products: 
Foundry and machine 

sho]) 17,141 38.635,000 

Locomotives lO.OOO 13,200,000 42.0 

Tron and steel and 

rolling mills 4,821 11,789,000 

Electrical machinery 

and apparatus . .'. 1.759 7,065,000 

Shii)l)uilding 8,000 6,000.000* 8.1 

Street cars 4,200,000 54.0 

14 



Railroad cars and 

repairs 3,669 5,318,000 

Saws (?) 3,000,000 26.0 

Files 1,540,000 27.0 

///. Food Products: 

Sugar Refining (?) 37,600,000 15.0 

Slaughtering and meat 

packing 1,109 22,079,000 

Bread and bakery . . . 4,598 19,018,000 

Confectionery 2,891 7,315,000 5.4 

Flour 89 2,877,000 

IV. Paper and Printing: 
Printing and publish- 
ing 13,681 45,807,000 

Paper and wood pulp 1,301 4,122,000 

Boxes, paper 3,379 3,822,000 7.2 

V. Leather: 

Tanning and finishing 5,972 23,526,000 7.2 

Boots and shoes 3,466 6,517,000 1.3 

Leather goods 1,707 3,994,000 3.8 

VI. Chemical Industry: 

Petroleum refining .. (?) 22,500,000* 9.5 

Chemicals 1,753 9,643,000 8.1 

Patent medicines 2,140 9,423,000 11.2 

Paint and varnish . . . 1,197 8,045,000 6.4 

Soap 799 7,319,000 6.6 

Fertiliz ers 764 4,268,000 4.0 

* Estimate. 

The following table shows the growth of Philadel- 
phia's manufacturing industries since 1850 : 

Number of Value 

Employees Capital of Product 

1850 59,099 $33,739,911 $64,784,212 

1860 107,931 81,608,502 152,355,318 

1870 127,394 181,076,919 338,168,466 

1880 173,862 170,495,191 304,591,725 

1890 260,264 375,249,715 577,234,446 

1900 214,775 445,725,000 519,981,812 

1910 251,884 691,397,000 746,075,659 

No available data is at hand for the years since 1910, 
but it is estimated that in 1917 the number of employees 
had increased to approximately 300,000 and the value of 
products to a point in excess of $1,000,000. 

15 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 




■^ TLLIAM PENN, soon after lie had received a 

land grant from King Charles II, planned a 

"great Towne" for his province, and chose the 

name of Philadelphia for it. Pnrchases of 

large tracts of land were to receive a small 

proportion of their pnrchase in town lots, and 

the remainder in conntry lands. Penn's 

instrnctions to his agents directed that the streets be 

laid out in a uniform way, and that the houses be built 

as much as possible upon a line. 

Following these instructions, Penn's surveyor 
devised a town plot of checker-board pattern with the 
streets running at right angles to one another. No pro- 
vision was made for diagonal streets, now so necessary 
for rapid transit. The town plot extended along the 
Delaware for about a mile, from the present Vine Street 
to South Street ; and ran across the peninsula a distance 
of two miles to the Schuylkill. It contained, therefore, 
nearly thirteen hundred acres, and was not enlarged 
from 1682 until the year 1854. The streets were laid 
out on a grand scale for that day, with a width of fifty 
feet, a figure wiiich unfortunately was not frequently 
changed in extending streets until recent years. To 
avoid any "man-worship" the streets running north and 
south were numbered, while those running east and west 
were named for the trees of the forest. Broad Street 
and High (IMarket) Street were given greater width 
than the other streets. Four "squares" or parks were 
laid out in regular positions in the city plot. 

The growth of the city from the first was remark- 
able. Penn was one of the most skillful real estate 
promoters that America has ever seen. His circulars 
in English and German were widely distributed through 
the communities which knew him so well on account of 
his religious activities. INIembers of the Society of 
Friends as Avell as of other religious denominations 
eagei'ly ])ur('hasefl land and settled in a province where 
I'eligious and political freedom were guaranteed. By 

i6 



the close of 1685, ninety ships had arrived, bringing 
seventy-two hundred persons. This was the greatest 
trans-Atlantic migration which had taken place up to 
that time ; and was not equalled until the extensive 
migration of the Scotch-Irish and German Palatines to 




WILLIAM PENN 

From the original portrait, painted in Ireland in 1666, aged 22, 

owned by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania 

Courtesy of the J. B. Lippincolt Company 

Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century. J^y 1700 the 
city had seven hundred houses; and by 1750 over two 
thousand. 

In the eighteenth century, Philadelphia became the 
leading city on the continent. This success was due 

17 



to several causes. First, religious toleratiou was prac- 
ticed in Pennsj'lvauia on a broad scale; secondly, the 
cordial welcome of foreigners led many thousands to 
migrate to the colony from the Rhine regions of Ger- 
many; third, the great natural resources and diversi- 
fied agriculture furnished material for commerce ; and 
last, the mingling of sects and races developed an intel- 
lectual type more liberal than the New Englander or 
the Southerner of that times. 

This liberality and originality is well shown in the 
list of "Philadelphia firsts"' given elsewhere in this 
pamphlet. Philadelphia in the eighteenth century lit- 
erally swarmed with organizations for economic, intel- 
lectual and social welfare. The first fire company and 
the first fire insurance company were organized; edu- 
cational and scientific bodies were created, such as the 
College (later the University), the Library Company, 
the American Philosophical Society, and the first medi- 
cal school. The welfare of the poor was promoted 
b.y the Pennsylvania Hospital, and the Quaker Alms- 
house and Bettering House, where separate provision 
was first made for the care of the insane. In nearly all 
of these associations Benjamin Franklin played an 
important part, either as originator or as supporter. 
Particularly in scientific research, with Franklin, Rit- 
tenhouse, Godfrey, Bartram and others, did Philadel- 
phia stand pre-eminent. 

Both in the political and in the military events of 
the Revolution, Philadelphia occupied a prominent 
place. A tea meeting in Philadelphia passed resolutions 
of protest which were later adopted as a basis for pro- 
test and action in Boston. A Philadelphian, John Dick- 
inson, wrote those "Letters of a Farmer" which passed 
through more editions and had a larger circulation than 
any publication in the colonies up to that time. In 
Carpenter's Hall the First Continental Congress met to 
adopt measures to encourage IMassachusetts, and to 
threaten the English merchants with non-importation 
and non-exportation agreements. In the State House, 
the Second Continental Congress opened its session ; 
there Washington accepted command of the Continental 
forces; there the Declaration of Independence was 
debated and adopted ; there Congress received the 

i8 



French Minister, the first foreign representative in this 
country; there the Articles of Confederation were 
framed, and after mnch delay put into operation; there 
Cou«'ress and its committees or<>'anized the foreign rela- 
tions, the finance, and the nulitar.v and naval measures 
of the war. In Philadelphia, Congress borrowed its 
first loan, £6,000, as well as printed its first issue of 
paper money. A Philadelphian, Robert Morris, was 
Superintendent of the Finances in the Revolution. 

Important military operations of the Revolution 
took place in this vicinity. The first British advance 
to Philadelphia, the capital city, was stopped at the 
Delaware, and later, at the close of 1776, AVashington 
won his brilliant success at Trenton. The following 
year the British marched upon the city from the Chesa- 
peake Bay, defeated Washington at Chadd's Ford, and 
after some maneuvering entered Philadelphia. A few 
weeks later, Washington attacked the British forces in 
Germantown, hoping by tactics similar to those which 
had succeeded at Trenton, to capture a portion of the 
British forces. A combination of unfortunate circum- 
stances prevented his success in this attack. For the 
winter of 1777-1778, Washington retired to an 
entrenched position at Valley Forge, where his depleted 
army passed the darkest hours of the war. 

The visitor to Philadelphia can live over again these 
trying days of the Revolution. At Valley Forge he 
can inspect 
Washington's 
headquarters, 
see the re- 
doubts, a n d 
walk for 
miles alonii' 
the lines 
of entrench- 
ments whicli 
are still 
visible. f 
the m a n y 

n n e monu- Washington's Headquarters, Valley Forge 

Now part of State Park 

19 



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ments tlie National Arch erected by order of Congress, 
and the beautiful Memorial Chapel with its interesting 
museum, deserve especial notice. At Chadd's Ford he 
can tramp or ride over the battle-field, he can still see 
the octagonal schoolhouse and the Birmingham Friends' 
]\Ieeting-House, where the injured were cared for after 
the battle, and even enter the houses occupied by AVash- 
ington and Lafayette and Lord ITowe during the battle 
at the ford. In Germantown he will find still pre- 
served, more eighteenth century houses than in any 
other town in the country. He can see in its original 
condition Chief Justice Chew's house, "Cliveden," whicli 
the British occupied during the battle. And along the 
Delaware, besides the interesting sites in Trenton and 
Princeton, he may visit the location of the forts built 
below Philadelphia to protect the city from a naval 
attack. Within a radius of tliirty miles from tlie city 
there are preserved buildings, museums and collections 
of more value in Revolutionary history than in any dis- 
trict of similar size in the entire country. 

After the Revolution, IMiiladelpliia was cluisen as 
the place of meeting of 
the Constitutional Con- 
vention, and during the 
sinnmer of 1787, that 
nnsur])assed body of men 
completed tlieir draft of 
the document which 
Gladstone characterized 
as "the most wonderful 
work ever struck off at a 
given time by the brain 
and purpose of man." 




i 

Academy ot the Fine Arts 





Union League 



Manufacturers Club 



From IT'JO to 1800, Philadelphia was again the capi- 
tal of the country. Here, in Congress Hall, now so 
admirably restored, the work of the Congress was car- 
ried on. Here the Supreme Court, under the great 
Judiciary Act of 1789, began its remarkable career. 
Here the United States ]\Iint was organized in the first 
building ever owned by the National Government. Here 
th First United States Bank opened its doors for busi- 
ness and soon erected that imposing structure in Cor- 
inthian style, which is now occupied by the Girard 
National Bank. 

It is well to note the prominent place which Phila- 
delphia has occupied in national finance. In the colon- 
ial period Pennsylvania had a system of loans to 
farmers, somewhat like that provided in the most recent 
Farm Loan Act. In the Revolution, Robert IMorris 
managed the finances of the young confederation. He 
organized the first bank in this country, the Pennsyl- 
vania Bank, in 1780 ; and the first bank chartered by 
Congress, the Bank of North America, which is still in 

existence and is the only 
-" bank in the present 
national system not re- 
quired to use the name 
"national" in its title. 

The First Bank of 
tlie United States (1791- 
1811) had its principal 
place of business in 
Philadelphia ; as also the 
Christ Church Second Bank of the 





Building of the First Bank of the United States 
(Now occupied by Girard National Bank> . 

United States (1817-1836). Philadelphia bankers like 
Girard and Parrish had a larg-e share in tinancing- the 
War of 1812. A Philadelphia firm of bankers, E. W. 
Clark & Co., took praetieallv all the bonds issued in the 
Mexican AVar. The first bank to be organized under 
the new system of 1863 was the First National Bank 
in Philadelphia. Jay Cooke, a Philadelphian, by a s.ys- 
tem of local agents and liberal advertising, brought to 
a success the difficult financing of the Civil War, sell- 
ing the great 5.20 and 7.30 loans, amounting to hun- 
dreds of millions of dollars. And today one of the 
twelve Federal Reserve Banks is located in Philadel- 
})hia. and the resources of Pliiladel]ihia banking insti- 
tutions stand second only to New York. 

Up to 1854 the city of Philadelphia contained only 
two square miles, l)ut to the north and south of tlie old 
cit.y grew up populous connnunities called incorporated 
districts. These districts continued the same street 
lines, the same methods of lighting and sewerage as 
those of the city. In reality the city population spread 



over a large part of the Comity of Philadelphia. In 
1854 the Legislature of the State made the limits of the 
city co-terminoiis with those of the county, thus at one 
time increasing the area from two to one Inmdred and 
twenty-nine square miles. Since 1854 the functions of 
the count}^ and city have been closely associated, but 
not entirely amalgamated. 

The Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce is working 
to secure the annexation of parts of Delaware and Bucks 
Counties to Philadelphia. This, when accomplished, will 
restore the city to its position of the second city of the 
United States in both territory and population. 

FIGURES OF PRESENT-DAY PHILADELPHIA 

(According to the latest estimates avilable.) 

Population 1,750,000 

Number of buildings 410,000 

Number of dwelling-houses 380,000 

Number of churches 900 

Number of public school pupils 224,892 

Number of elementary school buildings .... 350 

Number of high schools 11 

JMiles of street railway 625 

Area of parks and public squares 6,500 acres 

PHILADELPHIA IN THE NATION'S HISTORY 

1688 First protest against human slavery (German- 
town). 

1752 First fire insurance company in America (the 
Hand in Hand). 

1773 Philadelphia "Tea Party." 

1774 Continental Congress. 
1774 Articles of Confederation. 

1776 Proclamation of the Declaration of Independence. 
1780 Robert jMorris and financing of the Revolution. 

1780 First public bank in the United States — the 

Pennsylvania Bank. 

1781 First bank chartered by Congress — the Bank of 

North America. 
1784 Second fire insurance company in America (the 

Green Tree). 
1787 Constitutional Convention and the Constitution. 

1790 First Abolition Society. 

1791 First Supreme Court of the United States. 

23 




PHILADELPHIA'S C|! 




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1791-1811 First Bank of tlie United States (Third 

Street below Chestnut). 
1702 First United States Mint (east side of Seventh 

Street, below Arch). 
17!)7 First U. S. frigate, "The United States," built 

by Joshua Humphreys. 
1800 First U. S. Arsenal, Gray's Ferry Road. 
1800 First U. S. Navy Yard, Front and Federal 

Streets. 
1812 Stephen Girard and the finances of the War of 

1812. 
1817 Second Bank of the United States, present Cus- 
tom House, Chestnut Street between Fourth 

and Fifth Streets. 
1838 First U. S. Naval Academy. 

1846 E. W. Clark and financing of the Mexican War. 
1862 First armored battleship, "New Ironsides," built 

by AVilliam (ramp & Son.s. 

1862 Jay Cooke and financing of the Civil AA^ar. 

1863 First bank chartered in the United States under 

the National Bank Act. 

1864 International Tribunal proposed to judge the 

Alabama claims, Thomas Balch. 

1876 First International Exhil)ition in America, the 
Centennial. 

1914 Organization of the Federal Reserve Bank — Dis- 
trict No. 3. 

CONTRIBUTIONS TO PROGRESS 
IN INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE 

1682 First pleasure grounds for the people, laid out 
V in America, were dedicated in Philadelphia. 

"^ 1684 First iron works, Frankford. 

1684 First pottery. Front and Prime Streets. 
^ 1684 First glass works, Frankford. 
1690 First ])aper mill, AVilliam Rittenhouse, on AYissa- 

hickon Creek. 
1710 Beginning of Philadelphia's claim to supremacy 

in shipbuilding. 
1712 First ocean-going merchantman launched in 
America. 

27 



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SOME OF, PHILADELPHIA'S SCHOOLS 



1719 First fire engine (bought by any municipality) 
for public purposes. 

1780 Mariner's quadrant, invented by Thomas God- 

frey, later wrongly attributed to Hadley. 

1733 First fire engine made in America, by Anthony 
Nicholls. 

1769 First life insurance society, organized for the 
relief of the widows and orphans of clergy- 
men of the Church of England and America. 

1775 First organization of manufacturers, "The 
United Compan.v of Pennsylvania for the 
Establishment of American Manufactures." 

1775- First carpets woven on American looms, a result 
of the war aginst imported British manufac- 
tures; William Calverley. 

1775 First piano made in America, John Behrent, 
Third Street below Brown. 

1781 First bank, the Bank of North America. 

1786 First steamboat, the first vessel successfull.y pro- 
pelled by steam, was operated on the Dela- 
ware at Philadelphia, on July 26th, by John 
Fitch. Regular service on the Delaware in 
1790. 

1791 First carpet mills established in America. 

1794 First U. S. patent for textile machinery granted 
to Thomas Davenport. 

1804 First automobile (steam), Oliver Evans. 

1809 First laying of railroad tracks for experimental 
purposes in a yard near Bull's Head Tavern. 

1809 First life insurance corporation, the Pennsyl- 
vania Company for Insurances on Lives and 
Granting Annuities. 

1816 First Saving Society, the "Philadelphia." 

1819 First stationary steam engine, built by Thomas 

Halloway for Francis Perot's INIalting House. 

1820 First shipment of anthracite coal received, 365 

tons. 
1824 First Exhibition of American Manufactures, 
under auspices of the Franklin Institute. 

1830 First ether, Rosengarten & Son. 

1831 Mathias W. Baldwin founded locomotive works. 

29 




DL.I'ARrMENT STORES 



]830 Founding- of Cramp's Sliijiyard. 

188-i First stryt'lmine, Rosengarten & Son. 

1884 First nitric acid and first liydi-ochloi'ie acid, 

Carter & Scattergood. 
1889 First vulcanized rubber goods, Charles Good- 
year. 
1850 First use of zinc in paint manufacture, Sannu'l 

Wetherill. 
1859 First sleeping-car, designed and patented by 

Edward C. Knight. 
1868 First National bank. 
18(36 First wood pulp paper, produced by sulphide 

process, Benjamin C. Tilghman. 
1870 First compound marine engine, William Cramp 

& Sons. 
1884 First triple expansion engine, "William Cramp 

& Sons. 
1887 First Master Builders' Exchange. 
1896 First motion picture show. Bijou Theatre. 
1899 First National Export Exposition in the United 

States, held in Commercial INIuseums. 

EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS, IN- 
CLUDING SOCIETIES, SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, 
NEWSPAPERS, SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES, ETC. 

1681 First pleasure grounds reserved in America for 
the use of the people. (Fenn's plan of Phila- 
delphia.) 

1681 First printing press in this section of the coun- 
try, and the second in the colonies. 

1685 First almanac printed in the colonies, ''American 
Messenger," William Bradford. 

1690 First American paper mill, Samuel Rittenhouse. 

1698 First public school, incorporated in 1698. 

1698 First school book in Philadelphia, Francis Pas- 
tor ius. 

1706 First presbytery, organized by seven ministers. 

1712 First American workhouse authorized by Com- 
mon Council ; this led to the erection of Block- 
ley Hospital. 

1718 First American-made printing press, Adam 
Ramage. 

1727 Oldest learned society in the New World, "The 
American Philosophical Society," organized 

31 




STREET SCENES IN CENTER OF THE CITY 



by Benjamin Franklin for promoting useful 
knowledge among the British plantations in 
America. 

1728 First weekly newspaper, "The Universal Instruc- 
tor in All Arts and Sciences and Pennsylvania 
Gazette," Keimer. 

1728 First botanical garden, John Bartram. 

1730 First turnpike road, Lancaster Pike. 

1731 First public library, "The mother of all North 

American subscription libraries,'' said Benja- 
min Franklin, and originated by him. 

1732 First German newspaper, the '^Philadelphia 

Zeitung," Benjamin Franklin. 
1736 First volunteer fire company, the "Union," Ben- 
jamin Franklin the tirst Secretary. 

1740 First charity school combined with the College or 

Academy of Philadelphia (University of Penn- 
sylvania) obtained charter in 1755. 

1741 Benjamin Franklin launched the "General Maga- 

zine and Historical Chronicle for All the 
British Plantations in America" (six issues 
only). 

1742 First American work on botany, by John Bar- 

tram. 

1742 First American type founding, Christopher Saur, 

Germantown. 

1743 First German Bible, Christopher Saur. The 

third edition, printed in 1777, while still in 
sheets, W'as used to make cartridges at the 
time of the Battle of Germantown. 

1749 First company of American stage players. 

1752 First proof that lightning and electricity were 
one and the same, demonstrated by Franklin. 

1752 First hospital, the Pennsylvania, opened in Feb- 

ruary, 1752. 

1753 First American expedition for Arctic exploration 

left Philadelphia, IMarch 4, 1753. 
J 1753 First bell cast in America, made by Pass & Stowe 

for the State House. 
1762 First School of Anatomy, Ur. AVilliam Shippen. 
1765 First IMedieal College (branch of the College of 

Philadelphia). 

33 




PHILADELPHIA HOTELS 



First medical couimeneemeiit three years later, 
John Archer, graduate. Discourse, "Upon 
the Institution of ^ledical Schools in Amer- 
ica," constituted the formal ojiening. 

1766 First permanent theatre. Cedar, in Southwark. 

1767 First American drama, "The Prince of Parthia," 

hy Thomas Godfrey, Jr., staged at the South- 
wark Theatre. 

1768 First ^Medical Society founded by students from 

the different colonies attending lectures at the 

INIedical School. 
1768 First astronomical instrument made in America, 

David Rittenhouse. 
1783 First trade journal, ''The Price Current." 
178-1 First daily newspaper, "Pennsylvania Packet and 

Daily Advertiser." 
1785 First American edition of Shakespeare, Bioren & 

jMadan. 

1785 First Agricultural Society on the continent — Dr. 

Rush, Robert ]\Iorris, Richard Peters. 

""'786 First American Book of Prayer of Protestant 
Episcopal Church. 

1787 First College of Physicians and Surgeons. 

1780 First American work on medicine by Dr. Benja- 
min Rush. 

1783 First English Lutheran Church, Race Street 
below Sixth. 

1783 First free Quaker meeting-house erected — "Of 
the Empire 8." 

1786 Protestant Episcopal Churcli of North America 

was organized in this city. 

1787 First church in America owned by persons of 

color; St. Thomas' African INIethodist Episco- 
pal, Fourth and St. James Streets. 

1790 First law school in America, the Law School of 
the University of Pennsylvania — Judge James 
Wilson, of the United States Supreme Court, 
founded, and Professor of Law. First law 
history, 1802. 

171)0 First astronomical observatory, David Ritten- 
house. 

1798 First American novelist, Charles Broekden 
Brown, who then published "Wieland." 

35 



1802 First oxygen blowpipe, Dr. Robert Hare. 

1802 First juvenile magazine. 

1805 First permanent art institution, the Academy of 
Fine Arts. Chartered in 18()(), and the pio- 
neer of art institutions. 

1813 First religious weekly, "^TJie Religious Eemcni- 

hraucer." 
1816 First electric furnace, Dr. Robert Hare. 
1818 First American lithograph, Bass Otis. 

1820 First permanent medical journal, now the Ameri- 

can Journal of the Medical Sciences. 

1821 First College of Pharmacy in the world, Phila- 

delphia College of Pharmacy. 

1827 First Agricultural Society, Jas. Meade, founder. 

1830 First penny newspaper, "The Cent," published 
by C. C. Conwell. 

1830 First successful women's magazine, "Godey's 
Lady's Book," Louis A. Godey. 

1830 First free college for orphan boys, Girard Col- 
lege. 

1833 First hospital for blind, Will's Eye Hospital. 

1833 First U. S. Dispensary, Wood & Bache. 

1839 First daguerreotype made in America. View 
taken with a crude camera from rear window 
of Chestnut Street Mint by Joseph Saxton. 

1839 First daguerreotype portrait taken (of himself) 

by Robert Cornelius. 

1840 First general advertising agency, Volney B. 

Palmer, Pine Street above Third. 

1814 First school of applied art, the School of Indus- 

trial Art for Women, was established. 

1848 First comic weekly, "The John Donkey" pub- 
lished by Thomas Dunn English. 

1848 First homfpopathic medical college. 

1850 First women's medical college. 

1852 First American insurance journal, Capt. Harvey 
G. Tuckett. 

1852 Shakespeare Society. The oldest in existence. 

1874 First zoological garden (laid out) in America. 

1876 First AVorkVs Fair held in America. The Cen- 
tennial Exhibition. 

1892 Wistar Institute of Anatomy, first of its kind in 
America. 

37 




VIEWS IN THE PARKS 



ITINERARY OF A VISIT TO 
OLD-TIME PHILADELPHIA 




HE visitor to Pliiladelphia who desires to see 
the historic places near the center of the city 
will find that the following itineraiw will take 
him to a most interesting group of historic 
structures and sites. The places noted are, 
except Old Swedes' Church, all within a half 
a mile of the Old State House (1735) or Inde- 
pendence Hall, and the trip can easily be made in two 
hours, although many will want to spend more time in 
a closer inspection of these scenes of early colonial and 
national activity. Probably nowhere else in the country 
are there still standing so many and so important histori- 
cal buildings : 

Independence Hall, Chestnut Street between Fifth 
and Sixth Streets. Called in colonial times the "State 
House." Used by the Colonial Assembly, the Governor 
and his Council, the Supreme Court and other provin- 
cial officers. Occupied by the Second Continental Con- 
gress, 1775-1783 ; by the Constitutional Convention of 
1787. 

Congress Hall, Chestnut and Sixth Streets. Com- 
pleted in 1789 for the County Courts, but immediately 
offered to the United States, and occupied b}^ the Con- 
gress, 1790-1800. 

Old City Hall, Chestnut and Fifth Streets. 1790. 
Erected to provide quarters for the new City Govern- 
ment under the charter of 1789. 

Hall of the American Philosophical Society, 
west side of Fifth Street below Chestnut, building erected 
1787. 

NORTH ON FIFTH STREET 
Free Qfakers' Meeting-House, Fifth and Arch 
Streets. 1783. The Free Quakers ("Fighting Quak- 
ers") were founded February 20, 1781. Present house 
erected by popular subscription in 1783, "in the j^ear of 
the Empire 8." 

Christ Church Burying Ground, southeast corner 
Fifth and Arch Streets. Before 1720, interments had 

39 



been made in the church or neighboring churchyard, but 
in 1719 this lot was purchased, and the first burial was 
made in 1720. Here are the graves of Benjamin Frank- 
lin, Commodore Thomas Truxtun, Commodore William 
Bainbridge, Dr. Benjamin Rush, Commodore Dale, Gen- 
eral Jacob jMorgan. 

EAST ON ARCH STREET TO 

New Meeting-House, Fourth and Arch Streets. 
1804. The ground was given by Penn to the Friends, 
for burying purposes, in 1701. Yard contains graves of 
James Logan, Charles Brockden Brown, etc. 

Academy, University op Pennsylvania. 17'19. 
West side of Fourth Street below Arch. (Site of.) 

Provost Smith's House, southwest corner of Fourth 
and Arch Streets. (James Russell Lowell lived here in 
1844.) 

SOUTH ON SECOND STREET TO 

Christ Church, Second above ]\Iarket Street. 1727. 
Enlarged in 1731 and 1753. Tower cost $2,100, which 
was raised by a lottery. Bells came from England. 
William AVhite, rector,' 1772-1836 ; later, 1787, bishop. 
Attended by Penn family, Washington, Adams. Wash- 
ington pew still preserved. 

Dock Creek. Dock Street now follows the old wind- 
ings of the creek. Penn landed on the sandy beach near 
the mouth of the creek, where the public landing was 
later established. A branch of the creek flowed out of a 
duck pond at Fourth and Market Streets. 

Blue Anchor Tavern stood on Front Street, ''100 
ft. north of high water mark on Dock Creek." (When 
Penn laid out the city, the Blue Anchor stood in the 
middle of Front Street; he agreed with the owner, in 
consideration of moving it to the west line of Front 
Street, to give him a lot 16 feet front and running 
back to the creek.) 

NORTH ONCDOCK STREET TO 

Merchants' Exchange, Third Street and Dock. 
1834. Long the home of the jMaritime Exchange. 

First United States Bank, 116 South Third Street. 
Bank organized by act of Congress, February 3, 1791. 
The bank building was occupied in 1797. The charter 
expired in 1811, and Girard then took the bank building 
as his place of business, and it has been occupied by the 

40 



Girai'd Bank (now a National bank) down to the pres- 
ent time. 

WEST ON CHESTNUT TO 

Bank op North America, 309 Chestnut Street. 
Bank chartered by Congress, ^lay 17, 1781, at the sug- 
gestion of Robert Morris. Charter repealed in 1785 
and one obtained from State of Pennsylvania. Now a 
National bank. The building is one of recent construc- 
tion. 

First National Bank in the United States, 315 
Chestnut Street. 

Carpenter's Hall, Chestnut below Fourth Street. 
1771. Built by the Carpenter's Company, an organiza- 
tion of the carpenters and builders founded in 1724. 
In it met the First Continental Congress, September 4, 
1774, because the State House was being used by the 
State Legislature, then in session. Building used by the 
First United States Bank for a time, and also by the 
Philadelphia Library Company. The Carpenter's C-om- 
pany is still in existence. 

The Second Ignited States Bank (now Custom 
House), Chestnut above Fourth Street. Chartered by 
Congress, April 10, 1816. Charter expired in 1836 and 
owing to the liostility by President Jackson, it was not 
renewed. The building plans M'ere obtained after a 
public competition of architects. Building purchased 
in 1845 by the United States Government for use as a 
Custom House. 

SOUTH ON FOURTH STREET TO 

Philadelphia Contributionship for Insurance of 
Houses from Loss by Fire, 212 South Fourth Street. 
Founded in 1752 and incorporated by the Assembly, 
1763. Known as the "Hand-in-Hand" Company. First 
fire insurance company in America. 

Shippen House, 2i8 South Fourth Street. 1752. 

St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, Willing's 
Alley below Fourth Street. 1733. This is the oldest 
regularly established Catholic Church in the city. The 
present church is the fourth built upon this site. 

Quaker Almshouse (site of), east of St. Joseph's 
Church. (See Longfellow's Evangeline.) 

St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Fourth above 
Spruce Street. 1763. The second Roman Catholic 

41 



Church erected in the city. At first a bi'ancli of St. 
Joseph's and a church of the Jesuits. In the "rave-yard 
are buried Commodore Barry, and Thomas Fitzsimons, 
the latter an influential member of the Constitutional 
Convention and of Congress. 

Randolph House, 321 Soutli Fourtli Street. 1786. 

WisTAR House, Fourth and Locust Streets. 1750. 
The AVistar parties began in 1818. 

Third Presbyterian Church (Old Pine Street). 
Pine Street above Fourth. 1760. Built for those of 
the Congregation of the First Church, who lived on 
"Society Hill." Tliere were early quarrels about the 
control of tlie ]n-operty; Rev. Mr. Duffield the cause. 
Revolutionary officers and soldiers are buried in cliurch- 
vard. 

EAST ON PINE STREET TO 

St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, Third 
and Pine Street. 1761. At first a chapel of Christ 
Church. Washington worshipped here. In the grave- 
yard are the graves of Charles W. Peale, Stephen 
Decatur, Commodore Stockton. Alexander J. Dallas. 

EAST ON PINE STREET AND SOUTH ON SECOND TO 
Robert Blackwell IIot'se, 224 Pine Street. Fine 

example of old colonial homes. 

Old ^Markets, Second Street above South. 1745. 

Similar market sheds at one time adorned IMarket, 

Callowhill, Spring Garden Streets, and Girard Avenue, 

and North Second Street. 

NORTH ON SECOND STREET AND WEST ON 
SPRUCE STREET TO 
Holy Trinity Church, Sixth and Spruce Streets. 
1787. 

Pennsyia'ania TTospitaTj, Eighth and Spruce Streets. 

NORTH ON EIGHT STREET TO 
]\loRRrs House, 225 South Eiglith Street. 1787. 

IF DESIRED THE TRIP MAY BE EXTENDED TO 
Old Swedks' Church (Gloria Dei.) Swanson Street 
above Washington Avenue. 1700. P>uilt upon the site 
of an earlier block-house, which was occasionally used 
for religious services. 

42 



t/ 




ITINERARY OF GERMANTOWN 

( For Greater Details see Charles F. Jenkins' 
"Guide Book to Historic Germantown" ) 



HILADELPIIIA is particulai'ly fortniiate in 
)i()ssessin«i' ill tlie Gennaiitown area a large 
number of well-preserved dwellings and build- 
ings of the colonial and revolutionary periods. 
The start should be made on Germantown 
Avenue at Wayne Junction, which can be 
reached by street cars on Seventh and Eleventh 
Streets, and by fre(iuent trains from the Reading Termi- 
nal. 

Stenton, 1727-84, should be visited. Guide posts 
south of the railroad bridge point the way. James 
Logan, the owner, was William Penn's faithful secre- 
tary and representative in the province. The Pennsyl- 
vania Society of Colonial Dames have now furnished the 
building in appropriate style. 

Coming back to Germantown Avenue .proceed north- 
ward to 

Lower or Hood's Burying Ground, Fisher's Lane. 
The British officers, General Agnew and Colonel Bird, 
were buried here after the battle ; but their bodies were 
subsequently removed. 

Commodore Barron House, 5106. Barron was in 
command of the Chesapeake when she surrendered in 
1807 to the Leopard. Commodore Decatur was killed 
in a duel with Barron. 

Kunder's House, 5109. On this site in 1688 was 
framed the first protest against slavery. 

Gilbert Sti^vrt House, 5140. Owned by AVilliam 
Shippen and then by Gilbert Stuart, who painted his 
celebrated portrait of AYashington here. 

AVistar's House, 5261. Built in 1744. Headquar- 
ters of British General Agnew at time of battle. 

The Washington House, 5442. General Howe's 
head((uarters after the battle of Germantown. Occupied 
by Washington during the yellow fever epidemic of 1793. 

43 




SCENES IN FAIRMOUNT PARK: 



Market Square. A market house and a pr-ison were 
erected on this site in 1741. 

Germantown Academy, School House Lane, west of 
Germantown Avenue. Organized in 1760. Used as 
British Hospital after Battle of Germantown. Occu- 
pied b.v Banks of North America and Pennsylvania dur- 
ing- 1793. 

Vernon, north of Chelton Avenue. Built in 1803 ; 
named after tlie birthplace of Washington. Now the 
Museum of the Site and Relic Society of Germantown. 
Open to the public without charge. 

Green Tree Tavern, 6019. Built by Daniel Pas- 
torius in 1748. 

"Wyck," 6026. Built before 1700. Used by British 
as Hospital after the battle. Lafayette once held a 
reception there. 

Old Mennonite Church, north of Herman Street. 
Built in 1770. In front of church British General Agnew 
was shot by a man concealed behind the church. 

Johnson Houses, 6306 and 6316. Heavy fighting of 
the battle took place around here. 

Concord School House, above Washington Lane. 
Erected in 1775. 

Charter Oak Library. Organized in 1856. 

Upper Bttrying Ground, above Concord School 
House. Land granted for burying purposes in 1724. 
Wall built by popular subscription of "money, labor 
and stone." 

Chew House, above Johnson Street. The most 
severe part of the fighting of the battle took place here. 

Upsal House, opposite Chew House. Built in 1798. 

Old Dunker Parsonage and Church, 6611 and 
adjoining. The present church was built in 1770. Alex- 
ander Mack was the first preacher of the sect; Christo- 
pher Sauer, the celebrated German printer of German- 
town, also preached here. 

Old Lutheran Parsonage, 6669. 

Bayard House, 6749. Built immediately after the 
Revolution. The newly dug cellar was used by the 
Americans during the battle. 

Paul House, 6843. Suffered from the fire of the 
battle. 

45 




VALLEY FORGE 



A FEW AUTOMOBILE TOURS 
AROUND PHILADELPHIA 



'Philadelphia to Chestnut Hill through Fairmount 'Park 

From Bellevue-Stratford north on Broad Street 
round City Hall to North Broad Street (iMasonic Temple 
on right hand). Up Broad Street to Arch Street, turn 
left on Arch to Sixteenth Street, our ijew Park 'Boule- 
vard, to Seventeenth Street. Turn riglit and north on 
Seventeenth Street to Race Street. Turn left and west 
on Race Street to Logan Square, round the square to 
its northwest corner, and out the Park Boulevard to 
Fairmount Park. ( ^lonument of Washington at en- 
trance of park. Gift of Pennsylvania Society of the 
Cincinnati.) Fairmount Park is divided into two parts 
by the Schuylkill River. The Centennial Exhibition 
was held in the West Park. 

Continue up East River Drive. Turn right. Con- 
tinue on up Wissahickon Drive and Lincoln Drive to 
McCallum Street (sign). Turn right on Willow Grove 
Avenue across railroad. Left on Seminole Street. Turn 
right at railroad tracks to Germantown Avenue, Chestnut 
Hill. 

^Philadelphia to Valley Forge 

Philadelphia (Pa.). (Broad and Walnut Streets.) 
Run west on Walnut Street to dead end at Sixty-third 
Street, turn right on Sixty-third Street to intersection 
of Lancaster Avenue, end of trolleys ; turn left on Lan- 
caster Avenue and follow to 

Ardmore. At Lancaster Avenue Bank and Post- 
office on corner on right, turn right, pass under railroad 
and turn left, parallel to railroad. Keep straight on 
through 

Haverford. (^lerion Cricket Club.) And keeping 
to the broader macadam through 

Brijn Maw)\ and 

Boscmont, crossing the Spring ^lill Road near 

47 



Villanova, and on direct through 

The Gulph. After passing- under overhanging rock, 
bear right, then run 300 yards and bend left crossing 
stream or stone bridge. At fork, just beyond, bear left 
and about one mile beyond bridge, at fork, bear left 
again direct to 

King of Fritssm. Keep straight on through to 

Port Kennedy. At the country store in middle of 
village, turn left, up steep hill and keep on direct to 

Valley Forge Park. At broad macadam cross-road 
on hill in the park, turn right down the hill toward the 
river, soon bending left and again left at railroad to 
Washington's Headquarters. 



48 










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